Boiler

Boiler 
It's called boiler to a container used to heat water. In systems of heating , the boiler is the device that heats the water by means of a fuel , which is then distributed by the transmitters through a network of pipes .

 Description

Basically consists of a boiler house , where combustion occurs and a heat exchanger where water is heated. Also must have a system for evacuating gases from combustion.
The water can be heated to different temperatures. In normal boilers are usually not exceed 90 ° C below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure. In larger boilers, to serve neighborhoods, you get to 140 ° C, maintaining high pressure in the pipes so it does not boil dry (superheated water). There are also steam boiler in which water is conveyed to evaporation and the vapor is distributed to the terminal elements, but in Europe is quite out of use, because the surface temperature thereof is very high and cause danger of burns. There are also boiler in which water is heated to temperatures below 70 ° C and high performances ( condensing boiler ).
The fuel used can be solid ( wood , coal ), liquids ( fuel oil , diesel ) or gaseous ( liquid petroleum gas or LPG , natural gas ), which determines the shape of the boilers.


 boiler fluid fuels
The fuel is prepared and burned in a burner in which fuel is mixed with the precise amount of air within the home is driven by a fan, where combustion occurs. When the fuel is liquid ( oil ) is required to achieve the pulverized mixture. Gaseous fuels also be mixed with air, but need not pulverize.
There are also specific boiler fuel gases with atmospheric burner . The gas is let out through a nozzle so that, by Venturi effect , sucks air and mixes with it in proper proportion and burned in a suitable burners, divided into small flames, within a suitable heat exchanger. The best known of these boilers are called murals, but also exist in large sizes. 1
Regulating the power in the two types is made by regulating the size of the flame (modulating burners) or by stopping and starting the burner.
 solid fuel boiler
In the solid fuel, the home consists of two superimposed compartments. In the upper hearth , put the fuel on a grate. The bottom ash , receives fuel ash. On the door it enters the air required for combustion and fumes are drawn through a duct (flue or chimney) portrait, thermal draft . The heat is shooting itself in the home creates a lack of pressure sucks the combustion air. The power regulation is done by opening or closing the air inlet.
Coal is used as fuel, or now biomass.
 Accessories
They must also have accessories such as:
burners
Expansion vessel
gauges
thermometers (temperature probes)
Safety lines
safety valve
and control valves

The most common accessories are as follows:
Observing Accessories to monitoring the operation of the boiler:
level tubes
test cocks
gauges
thermometers
gas analyzers
Accessories Security, designed to avoid excessive pressure steam generation in the boiler:
lever and counterweight
Direct weight
spring
fusible plug
alarm systems
Water feed accessories:
water feed pump
water injector
Accessories supply of fuel:
burners for liquid and gaseous fuels
Mechanical burners for solid fuel
manual elements
Cleaning accessories:
records, or cleaning caps
punga valves
pungas retention Estaque
escabiadores
chimney sweeps